Do you know monochrome lcd display ？how it works and applications ?

  What is a monochrome lcd display? 

1.Monochrome LCD display  is a liquid crystal display (LCD) that can only display digits , characters , graphic and images of a single color (usually black or gray).

2. What types of monochrome LCD monitors  types are there ? How to clarify monochrome LCD screens?

2.1  display content:

Segment code LCD screen, character LCD screen, graphic dot matrix LCD screen (with and without Chinese character library respectively)

2.2 Classification from the perspective of technology:

Segment LCD screen( 7 segment lcd display ,10 segment lcd display ,14 segment lcd display ), COB LCD screen (Chip on Board), COG LCD screen (Chip on glass)

2.3 Classify according to its display background:

Yellow-green LCD screen, blue film LCD screen, gray film LCD screen

2.4 Classification according to the materials used are:

TN, HTN, STN, FSTN, CSTN, DSTN and VA are different types of monochrome displays. Segment LCD screens can use these materials, and dot matrix LCD screens and character LCD screens mostly use STN.

A brief introduction to TN, HTN, STN, FSTN, CSTN, DSTN and VA:

TN-LCD is the abbreviation of Twist Nematic Liquid Crystal Display, which is a twisted nematic liquid crystal display. The characteristic of this display mode is that the liquid crystal molecules are basically arranged parallel to the substrate, but the upper and lower liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a twisted arrangement, with an overall twist angle of 90°. TN-LCD was discovered earlier and is also the LCD with the widest range of applications, the largest quantity, and the cheapest price. Most of the displays of electronic watches, calculators, water meters, gas meters, etc. that we see every day are TN-LCD.

HTN-LCD is the abbreviation of High Twist Nematic Liquid Crystal Display, which is a high twist nematic liquid crystal display. It has a similar structure to TN-LCD and STN-LCD, except that the twist angle is between 100° and 120°, which is between TN-LCD and STN-LCD. , its performance is also between TN-LCD and STN-LCD. The usage scenarios are similar to TN.

STN-LCD is the abbreviation of Super Twist Nematic Liquid Crystal Display, that is, super twisted nematic liquid crystal display. It has a similar structure to TN-LCD, except that the twist angle is not 90°, but between 180° and 270°. Although only the twist angle is different, its working principle is completely different from TN-LCD. STN-LCD is currently a mid-range product produced by LCD. It has the characteristics of displaying a larger amount of information than TN-LCD. Its advantage is that it consumes less power and has the biggest advantage of saving power. STN displays have higher contrast ratios and wider viewing angles, making them suitable for more advanced applications such as industrial instrumentation, outdoor equipment, and medical equipment.

CSTN LCD ,The display principle of CSTN is to add a color filter to the traditional monochrome STN liquid crystal display, and divide each pixel in the monochrome display matrix into three sub-pixels. The three primary colors of red, green, and blue are displayed through the color filter to display a color picture. TFT and STN are passive Passive LCDs, which can generally display up to 65,536 colors.

FSTN LCD(Film+STN), in order to improve the background color problem of ordinary STN, a compensation film is added to the polarizer to eliminate dispersion and achieve black and white display. CSTN (Color STN), color STN, is based on FSTN technology and adds a layer of RGB color film to achieve color display. Generally, the number of drive channels is high.

DSTN (Double STN), a double-layer STN, one layer is used as a driving layer and the other layer is used as a compensation layer. It belongs to STN black and white technology. Compared with FSTN, it has a higher contrast and can compensate for dispersion with temperature, achieving high contrast in a wide temperature range.

DSTN uses a dual STN structure to achieve black and white display.

CSTN is generally a FSTN structure plus a color filter diaphragm to achieve color display.

FSTN, DSTN, and CSTN are all STN, just because the appearance of ordinary STN is usually yellow-green or blue, while the appearance of FSTN and DSTN is black or white.

VA LCD is black screen with white digit , normally it is transmissive ,negative with backlight,and  that is widely used in high-end LCDs nowadays, and it is a wide viewing angle panel. Compared with TN LCD , 8-bit panels can provide 16.7M colors and large viewing angles, which are the capital of high-end positioning of this type of panel, but the price is also more expensive than TN panels. VA LCD can be divided into MVA panels led by Fujitsu and PVA panels developed by Samsung. The latter is the inheritance and improvement of the former. VA LCD have the highest contrast on the front (face view), but the uniformity of the screen is not good enough, and color drift often occurs. Sharp text is its trump card, and the black-and-white contrast ratio is pretty high.

Some pictures with a wide range of usage scenarios:

Charater lcd ,having digits and letters on the screen .the most popolar type : 0801,0802,1601 ,1602,1604,2002,2004 ,4002 

Dot matrix (graphic lcd display) having Chinese fonts and non-Chinese fonts,dot matrix screens can also be distinguished by dot matrix:

For example: 12232, 12832, 12864, 19264, 160128, 160160, 24064, 240120, 320240, etc. The most commonly used ones are 12232, 12864, 24064, 320240.

 3.There are also differences in operating temperature:

It is divided into normal temperature (-10~60 degrees), wide temperature (-20 ~ 70 degrees), and ultra-wide temperature (-30~80 degrees). Classified from the angle, there are 6 o'clock angle, 12 o'clock angle, and full viewing angle, that is to say, the display is viewed from the 6 o'clock direction of the clock or from the 12 o'clock direction. For special requirements, full viewing angle can also be used, and the display effect from each angle is very good.

4. What are the applications of monochrome LCD displays?

Displays using these technologies can be designed and manufactured according to specific requirements, such as size, resolution and backlighting. This makes them suitable for a wide range of applications from simple alphanumeric displays to more complex graphical displays. Monochrome screens are widely used in a large number of consumer electronics and industrial equipment, such as calculators, electricity meters,energy meter ,temperature controllers ,car audio, thermostats, digital calipers, air conditioning remote controls, thermometers, blood pressure monitors, electronic scales, credit card machines, digital instruments, water meters, rice cookers, safes, water heaters, massagers, radios, electronic watches, fax machines, etc. In specific fields such as automobiles, the monochrome screen of the driving computer is mainly used to clearly display basic vehicle status information such as vehicle speed and fuel consumption, focusing on functionality rather than entertainment. It’s low power consumption makes it irreplaceable so far.